A wee bit of math
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CookieCrumb




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PostPosted: Sat, 4th Feb 2012 16:30    Post subject: A wee bit of math
Ok, following problem:


does this series converge or not and if it does, what's the limit.
Keep in my mind this is from what amounts to calculus 101 so everything I'd be allowed to use are the ratio test, the root test, the Leibniz test and the comparison test.
ratio and Leibniz obviously don't work and I don't see how I could solve this with the root test. So all that remains is the comparison test but I cannot figure out a good sequence to compare it to.
If this made any sense to you, the help would be appreciated, if I misused some of the term, forgive me I'm used to doing this crap in german so most of the translations for the technical terms came from google.

My gut tells me it should be about 1 but the teacher stated that this series could be accurately calculated. So I'm not sure if I'm just plain stupid or he made a mistake.
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spankie
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PostPosted: Sat, 4th Feb 2012 19:16    Post subject:
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spankie
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PostPosted: Sat, 4th Feb 2012 19:18    Post subject:
btw, just try to isolate 1+n and do some tricks with the equation. You know you have to end up at 1, just work towards that Wink
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dingo_d
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PostPosted: Sat, 4th Feb 2012 20:16    Post subject:
Weird, my Mathematica @ home cannot calculate the sum :\


"Quantum mechanics is actually, contrary to it's reputation, unbeliveably simple, once you take the physics out."
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chiv wrote:
thats true you know. newton didnt discover gravity. the apple told him about it, and then he killed it. the core was never found.

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b0se
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PostPosted: Sat, 4th Feb 2012 20:38    Post subject:
What the fuck is that ?


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Przepraszam
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PostPosted: Sat, 4th Feb 2012 21:18    Post subject:
b0se wrote:
What the fuck is that ?


Don't worry about it.


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Atropa




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PostPosted: Mon, 6th Feb 2012 13:52    Post subject:
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spankie
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PostPosted: Mon, 6th Feb 2012 17:54    Post subject:
Yeah, I can still remember the days, only 10 years ago, when I was doing mathematics in high school as a 17-18yo. (Still wondering when I will actually will use most of that stuff. I finished engineering in university and now doing mathematical economics (nice hobby project to keep up to date with the technical skills) and still only used 10-20% of the misery they put me through in high school...)

I had to make complex integrals, differential equations, series expansions, continuity analysis, limits of sums etc etc. We were with 15 in the class and we all had different results, ALWAYS.
And now you just put it in the webside and you get everything you can imagine. Really amazing.

There is stuff you need 2 or 3 pages of fancy mathematics to calculate, and wolphram alpha/mathematica calculates it analytically (!) in 5 seconds. I never understood why so many of the teachers/old dinosaur profs focus on the 'elegance' of the mathematics, especially in applied sciences such as engineering or economics. 90% of the 'elegance' are little mathematical tricks that you have to memorize and have been discovered by accident. I am quite sure a computer is better at trying the whole repertoire of tricks than a human, so why put all those students through it.

I am really happy that there are a bunch of intelligent and modern people that are running science/engineering/economics departments here. No more stupid paper and pencil mathematics that is so complex that eventually you will make mistakes on exams because of the stress/time/whatever. A lot of exams I am doing (in economics) or putting students through (in my own engineering dep) are open book, using formulas/computers/computerized output. People should focus on the application of the methods, rather than the method itself.

Tools like wolphram alpha really really really speed up R & D and general development. Instead of doing tedious/semi-retarded mathematics, you can cut the crap and immediately go to the results and use your brain to analyse the results etc. And even with the help of computers to calculate the tedious calculation, there is still plenty of room for brains and mathematical elegance.

Btw, I am not saying people should do everything with a calculator, especially in lower educational levels. Because i know some people that cannot multiply 6 * 16 by head Rolling Eyes That's not really ideal. And you need a more than basic level of algebra and analytical skills to be able to understand theoretical frameworks etc. But the actual calculation of 90% of those 'problems' are really useless.

Btw Reklis, print this and give it to your supervisor. Kind greetings from a local PhD dude @ the math and statistics department.
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spankie
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PostPosted: Mon, 6th Feb 2012 18:02    Post subject:
Ok, so i got a bit carried away there.

On a more practical note...

First divide nominator and denominator by (n+1):

You end up with sqrt(n) - n*1/sqrt(n+1) / n

Then divide by n:

1/sqrt(n) - 1/sqrt(n+1)

Take the sum 1->oo

1/sqrt(1) - 1/sqrt(2) + 1/sqrt(2) - 1/sqrt(3) + 1/sqrt(3) - 1/sqrt(4)... + 1/sqrt(infinite -1) - 1/sqrt(infinite)

You can see that only 1/sqrt(1) - 1/sqrt(infinite) will remain: 1 - 0 = 1

At your service sir Wink

I have to admit i was a little bit helped by wolphram alpha because it showed me that you could calculate it as a combination of zeta functions (http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HurwitzZetaFunction.html) so i worked my way towards it. Another hint is the fact that numinator and denomitor are very similar. You split N^2 + N to N(N+1) and things become very obvious.

You see, the computer helped my and there was still place for some mathematical elegance.
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CookieCrumb




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PostPosted: Mon, 6th Feb 2012 20:27    Post subject:
I think I got that one.
let's see, another problem. I understand the how just not the why. (This time: antiderivaties!)


Couldn't find out the solution so I asked wolfram alpha and took a look at the steps and my first reaction was seriously WTF!?

because the first thing it does it substitute x = sin(u) , dx = cos(u)du for the integrand and sqrt(1-sin^2(u)) = cos(u) and u = sin^-1(x)
And I completely don't get it. How would you even think of those substitutions if you don't know the result already? O.o
Seeing as this is from a homework paper that, as a whole, was worth 40 points and that particular problem is worth 3 I suspect that there's a WAY easier method to solve this but I couldn't come up with anything useful, even after consulting every piece of literature I have available.


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dingo_d
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PostPosted: Mon, 6th Feb 2012 21:23    Post subject:
Reklis wrote:
I think I got that one.
let's see, another problem. I understand the how just not the why. (This time: antiderivaties!)


Couldn't find out the solution so I asked wolfram alpha and took a look at the steps and my first reaction was seriously WTF!?

because the first thing it does it substitute x = sin(u) , dx = cos(u)du for the integrand and sqrt(1-sin^2(u)) = cos(u) and u = sin^-1(x)
And I completely don't get it. How would you even think of those substitutions if you don't know the result already? O.o
Seeing as this is from a homework paper that, as a whole, was worth 40 points and that particular problem is worth 3 I suspect that there's a WAY easier method to solve this but I couldn't come up with anything useful, even after consulting every piece of literature I have available.


Actually a pretty common substitution tho.

When you have things like scattering problems, or some kind of distribution in some region of space, you usually go to spherical coordinates, because things are much more intuitive and simpler there.

So, say you have something you need to integrate in the whole space (volume). The volume element in spherical coordinates is given by:

r^2 sin\theta dr d\theta d\phi

And the limits of theta are from 0 to pi, and for phi are from 0 to 2pi. So when you have trigonometric functions it's kinda hard to work with them. So you make a simple substitution:

x=\cos\theta

You derive the both sides and get:

dx=-\sin\theta d\theta

And the limits become from 1 to -1, now you see that the integral for theta simplifies greatly -> no \sin\theta, and a simple elementary integral.

Plus this substitution makes sense if you remember that

\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1 => 1-\cos^2\theta=\sin^2\theta and you can see that the square will cancel out the root, which again leaves you with a simple integral...


"Quantum mechanics is actually, contrary to it's reputation, unbeliveably simple, once you take the physics out."
Scott Aaronson
chiv wrote:
thats true you know. newton didnt discover gravity. the apple told him about it, and then he killed it. the core was never found.

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HubU
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PostPosted: Tue, 7th Feb 2012 16:28    Post subject:


"Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life." ~Berthold Auerbach
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